Abstract

Research Article

Postural Stability Induced by Supervised Physical Training may improve also Oxygen Cost of Exercise and Walking Capacity in Post-Menopause, Obese Women

Fernanda Velluzzi, Massimiliano Pau, Andrea Loviselli, Raffaele Milia, Daniela Lai, Daniele Concu, Gianmarco Angius, Abdallah Raweh, Andrea Fois and Alberto Concu*

Published: 09 January, 2017 | Volume 1 - Issue 1 | Pages: 001-011

We utilized the training impulses method to numerically quantify the volume of physical exercise to be prescribed to postmenopausal obese women in such a way of obtain the best possible improvement of their health-related quality of life. Nine women (57±4 years, 89±2 kg, 157±9 cm) carried out 3-months of exercise training (3 session/week each lasting 80 min) under the supervision of skilled operators which indirectly calculated the volume of physical exercise by assessing heart rate values while patient exercised and making sure that the workload corresponded to 50-60% of their maximum oxygen uptake. Before and after training anthropometric, functional and biomechanical variables were assessed. After training patients shoved statistically signifi cant (P<0.05) reduction in body mass (-2%) and body mass index (-4%), waist circumference (-4%), total (-6%) and LDL (-26%) serum cholesterol and glycaemia (-8%), diastolic arterial blood pressure (-14%), and oxygen cost (-14%) at the maximum workload during incremental cardiopulmonary test, the sway area from unipedal stance (right leg) of 20 s on a pressure platform (-49%), while increased both free fat body mass percentage (+3%) and space covered during the six minute walk test (+11%). It was concluded that, when an exercise protocol is carried out by postmenopausal obese women and the volume of exercise is instrumentally controlled by experienced operators, it could result in an effective benefi t on the quality of life of these patients since they ameliorate some critical anthropometric and functional parameters.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.jnpr.1001001 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

Post-menopausal obese women; Supervised exercise training; Postural stability; Exercise oxygen cost

References

  1. Greve J, Alonso A, Bordini AC, Camanho GL. Correlation between body mass index and postural balance. Clinics. 2007; 62: 717-720. Ref.: https://goo.gl/HZ0NXE
  2. Kejonen P, Kauranen K, Vanharanta H. The relationship between anthropometric factors and body-balancing movements in postural balance. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2003; 84: 17-22. Ref.: https://goo.gl/2WiVkE
  3. Hue O, Simoneau M, Marcotte J, Berrigan F, Doré J, et al. Body weight is strong predictor of postural stability. Gait Posture. 2007; 26: 32-38. Ref.: https://goo.gl/a4iD1D
  4. Melzer I, Kurz I, Oddsson LI. A retrospective analysis of balance control parameters in elderly fallers and non-fallers. Clin Biomech. 2010; 25: 984-988. Ref.: https://goo.gl/DflVOx
  5. Hita-Contreras F, Martinez-Amat A, Lomas-Vega R, Alvarez P, Mendoza N, et al. Relationship of body mass index and body fat distribution with postural balance and risk of falls in Spanish postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2013; 20: 202-208. Ref.: https://goo.gl/ajlzoN
  6. Tesdale N, Hue O, Marcotte J, Berrigan F, Simoneau M, et al. Reducing weight increases postural stability in obese and morbid obese men, Int J Obesity. 2007; 31: 153-160. Ref.: https://goo.gl/aiNdfX
  7. Bellafiore M, Battaglia G, Bianco A, Paoli A, Farina F, et al. Improved postural control after dynamic balance training in older overweight women. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2011; 23: 378-385. Ref.: https://goo.gl/UGXHya
  8. Smith-Ryan A, Trexler ET, Wingfi eld H, Blue M. Effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiodynamic risk factors in overweight/obese women. J Sports Sci. 2016; 34: 2038-2046. Ref.: https://goo.gl/WR5Kvn
  9. Dahjio Y, Noubiap JJN, Azabji-Kenfack M, Essouma M, Loni E, et al. Impact of a 12-week aerobic exercise training program on anthropometric and metabolic parameters of a group of type 2 diabetes Cameroonian aged > 50 years. Ann Transl Medicine. 2016; 4: 364. Ref.: https://goo.gl/VnBO6N
  10. Tocco F, Sanna I, Mulliri G, Magnani S, Todde F, et al. Heart Rate Unreliability during Interval Training Recovery in Middle Distance Runners. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2015; 14: 466-472. Ref.: https://goo.gl/9wtdaO
  11. Ghiani G, Marongiu E, Melis F, Angioni G, Sanna I, et al. Body composition changes affect energy cost of running during 12 months of specifi c diet and training in amateur athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2015; 40: 938-944. Ref.: https://goo.gl/59NBoz
  12. Sturm W, Sandhofer A, Engl J, Laimer M, Molnar C, et al. Infl uence of visceral obesity and liver fat on vascular structure and function in obese subjects. Obesity. 2009; 17: 1783–1788. Ref.: https://goo.gl/SKx2jI
  13. Mosca L, Manson JE, Sutherland SE, Langer RD, Manolio T, et al. Cardiovascular disease in women: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 1997; 96: 2468–2482. Ref.: https://goo.gl/aIiabx
  14. Anfossi G, Russo I, Doronzo G, Pomero A, Trovati M. Adipocytokines in atherothrombosis: focus on platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells. Mediators Infl amm. 2010; Article ID 174341, 26 pages. Ref.: https://goo.gl/RoF77q
  15. Al Suwaidi J, Higano ST, Holmes DR Jr, Lennon R, Lerman A. Obesity is independently associated with coronary endothelial dysfunction in patients with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 37: 1523–1528. Ref.: https://goo.gl/9DjR2k
  16. Mason C, Brien SE, Craig CL, Gauvin L, Katzmarzyk PT. Musculoskeletal fi tness and weight gain in Canada. Med Sci Sports & Exer. 2007; 39: 38–43. Ref.: https://goo.gl/cXZ4CH
  17. Trabka B, Zubrzycki I Z, Ossowski Z, Bojke O, Clarke A, et al. Effect of a MAST exercise program on anthropometric parameters, physical fitness, and serum lipid levels in obese postmenopausal women. J Hum Kinet. 2014; 42: 149-155. Ref.: https://goo.gl/umJRrR
  18. Morton RH, Fitz-Clarke JR, Banister FW. Modelling human performance running. J Appl Physiol. 1990; 69: 1171-1177. Ref.: https://goo.gl/y17Hc7
  19. Ciuti C, Marcello C, Macis A, Onnis E, Solinas R, et al. Improved aerobic work capacity by detraining in basketball players mainly trained for strength. Sports Med Train Rehab. 1996; 6: 325-335.
  20. Velluzzi F, Tocco F, Deledda A, Lai D, Loviselli A, et al. Training impulses: a method to quantify exercise intensity in postmenopausal obese women, Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications. May 15-18, Benevento, Italy. 2016; PP 481-486. Ref.: https://goo.gl/qa3O0E
  21. Elrik Y, Meldrum DR, Howard LJ. Estrogen levels in postmenopausal women with hot fl ashes. Obstetrics and Ginecology. 1982; 59: 403-407. Ref.: https://goo.gl/99JVgr
  22. Seven A, Yuksel B, Kabil Kucur S, Yavuz G, Polat M, et al. The evaluation of hormonal and psychological parameters that affect bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Eur Rev Pharmacol Sci. 2016; 20: 20-25. Ref.: https://goo.gl/oV84Me
  23. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346: 393-403. Ref.: https://goo.gl/ANgk0w
  24. Einright PL. The six-minute walk test. Respiratory Care. 2003; 48: 783-785. Ref.: https://goo.gl/emHiFP
  25. Crapo RO, Enrught PL, Zeballos RJ. ATS statements: guidelines for the six-minute walk test. Am J Resp Crit Care Med. 2002; 166: 111-117. Ref.: https://goo.gl/jFZPJl
  26. Pau M, Arrippa F, Leban B, Corona F, Ibba G, et al. Relationship between static and dynamic balance abilitiers in italian professional and youth league soccer players. Phys Ther Sport. 2015; 16: 236-241. Ref.: https://goo.gl/LKFtFk
  27. Willems T M, De Ridder R, Roosen P. The effect of fatigue on plantar pressure distribution during running in view of running injuries. J Foot Ankle Res. 2012; 5(Suppl 1): P33. Ref.: https://goo.gl/X2HLMZ
  28. Crisafulli A, Tangianu F, Tocco F, Concu A, Mameli O, et al. Ischemic preconditioning of the muscle improves maximal exercise performance but not maximal oxygen uptake in humans. J Appl Physiol. 2011; 111: 530-536. Ref.: https://goo.gl/Dg6hiL
  29. Krzywinski M, Altman N. Points of Signifi cance: Visualizing samples with box plots. Nature Methods. 2014; 11: 119-120. Ref.: https://goo.gl/jiHnPs
  30. Streit M, Gehlenborg N. Points of View: Bar charts and box plots. Nature Methods. 2014; 11: 117. Ref.: https://goo.gl/AHCdd6
  31. Concu A. ‘Cardiovascular adjustments during exercise: Points and counterpoints’, A Crisafulli & A Concu, Research Signpost,Transworld Reseach Network, Kerala, India, New Insight into Cardiovascular Apparatus during Exercise. Physiological and Physio-pathological Aspects. 2007; 61-83.
  32. Alpert MA, Omran J, Bostick BP. Effects of obesity on cardiovascular hemodynamics, cardiac morphology and ventricular function. Curr Obes Rep. 2016; 37: 424-434. Ref.: https://goo.gl/lzhqul

Figures:

Figure 1

Figure 1

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 1

Figure 3

Figure 1

Figure 4

Figure 1

Figure 5

Similar Articles

Recently Viewed

Read More

Most Viewed

Read More

Help ?